Among the specialized organizations of the United Nations are the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO), Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO), the International Labor Organization (ILO), the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the World Meteorological Organization (WMO), and the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), the World Health Organization (WHO), the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Bank, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the International Criminal Court (ICC), the International Organization for Migration (IMO), and the International Telecommunication Union (ITU).
????The General Assembly is the main deliberative, policy-making and representative organ of the United Nations. Through regular meetings, the General Assembly provides a platform for Member States to express their views and build consensus on difficult issues.
Decisions on important matters, such as those relating to peace and security, the admission of new members, and budgetary matters, require a two-thirds majority vote, while other decisions are taken by a simple majority.
??????The main initiatives of the United Nations include a range of efforts to maintain peace and enhance global security, including preventing conflict by exploring options to ensure peace, providing emergency food and medical aid, in addition to providing humanitarian support to millions of people around the world.
??????According to the Charter of the United Nations, the General Assembly cannot make recommendations on the general principles of cooperation in maintaining international peace and security, including disarmament and the peaceful settlement of any situation that might disturb the friendly relations between nations. However, the General Assembly may take action if the Security Council is unable to act due to a veto by a permanent member. The Assembly can consider the matter and make recommendations to members to take collective measures to maintain or restore international peace and security in the event of a threat or breach of the peace or any act of aggression.
??????As for the Security Council, it is the second most important organ of the United Nations, as it is tasked with maintaining international peace and security. It consists of 15 members, five of whom are permanent with the right to veto and ten are non-permanent. Each member state has one vote, and under the Charter, all member states must comply with the decisions of the Council. The Council takes an active role in determining the existence of any threat to peace or an act of aggression, and, when necessary, calls on the conflicting countries to resolve the dispute and settle it by peaceful means. In some cases, the Security Council can under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations take steps to impose measures to maintain or restore international peace and security, and these measures vary from imposing economic sanctions to taking international military measures. All of its members take turns presiding over the Council on a monthly basis.
??????One of the important organs of the United Nations is the Economic and Social Council, which is the main body for coordinating economic and social actions and related activities of the United Nations, its specialized agencies and relevant institutions. The Council is responsible for about seventy percent of the human and financial resources of the entire United Nations system, including 14 specialized agencies, nine technical commissions, as well as five regional commissions. The General Assembly elects 54 members of the Council for staggered terms of three years each. The General Assembly is the central platform for consideration and discussion of sustainable development.
??????The Trusteeship Council is one of the main organs of the international organization. It was established in 1945 under Chapter III of the Charter of the United Nations to provide international supervision over 11 trust territories administered by seven member states and ensure that appropriate steps are taken to prepare these territories for self-government or independence. By 1994, all the territories involved managed to achieve autonomy or independence.
??????On Nov. 1, 1994, the Council decided to suspend its work. Based on a decision taken on May 25 of the same year, the Council decided to abandon the obligation to meet annually and agreed to meet as needed – according to its decision or the request of the majority of its members, the General Assembly or the Council Security.
??????There is also the International Court of Justice. It is the main judicial organ of the United Nations, based in the Peace Palace in The Hague, Netherlands. It is the only organ among the six main organs of the United Nations that is not located in New York. The Court plays an important role in settling legal disputes submitted to it by States, in accordance with international law. In addition, the Court provides advisory opinions on legal issues referred to it by United Nations bodies and specialized agencies authorized to do so. (MORE)
Source: Qatar News Agency