Riyadh:The King Abdulaziz Public Library is home to over 32,000 rare books with historical and scientific significance, featuring prominent collections of early European editions that highlight the initial interest of European researchers in the Prophet Muhammad's biography, the Holy Quran, and Islamic studies.

According to Qatar News Agency, the library's collections indicate a significant interest among European scholars in Islamic scholarship. The library hosts 78 books on the Prophet Muhammad's biography, 113 books translating the Holy Quran into early European languages, 55 books on Quranic studies, and 54 books on Islamic sources. These collections offer extensive material for researchers, reflecting a robust historical engagement with Islamic scholarship.

The library also presents rare Arabic editions printed in Europe in 1592 and 1593, including notable works such as Ibn Sina's "The Canon of Medicine" and Abd al Qahir al Jurjani's "Asrar al Balagha." These editions are crucial to the history of printed scholarship and are part of the library's significant historical assets.

Among the library's holdings are 8,271 catalogued titles of rare Arabic books and collections from private libraries, including American orientalist George S. Rentz's collection with 3,265 books in foreign languages and Hamza Boubakeur's library, which houses 17,170 titles across 19,821 volumes in multiple languages. These collections exemplify the library's dedication to preserving rare works in various languages.

The diverse holdings span Islamic sciences, literature, travel writing, geography, and history, providing a substantial resource for historical and cultural studies. They play a critical role in maintaining printed heritage for future generations.